True or false?

TRUE. Due to the ageing population, the number of people with Alzheimer’s disease is increasing every year. International studies estimate that 46.8 million people worldwide are currently affected, and this figure is expected to double over the next 20 years, reaching 74.7 million in 2030 and 131.5 million in 2050. This increase will be even greater in low- and middle-income countries.

FALSE. Alzheimer’s disease is a distinct disease. It does not affect all elderly people, even though those over 65 are the most commonly affected. It is recognised as a long-term condition. Although the disease mainly affects older people, some people under the age of 65 may develop symptoms, and in very rare cases, even before the age of 40.

FALSE. Hereditary cases of Alzheimer’s disease with a genetic cause are very rare (1%). There is a direct link between a mutation in an inherited gene and the onset of the disease. Generally, the disease develops earlier and affects people under the age of 65. Anyone can develop the disease without having a family history of it.

TRUE. Alzheimer’s disease is often associated with memory loss because it is the neurons located in the hippocampus, the seat of memory, that are the first to be affected. At the onset of the disease, memory problems relating to recent events appear and gradually worsen, making it difficult to perform familiar tasks. These problems should not be confused with mild or occasional forgetfulness.

FALSE. There is currently no treatment that can prevent, halt the progression of, or cure Alzheimer’s disease. There are only drugs that act on some of the symptoms and, at best, slow down the degenerative process. Non-drug therapies also exist and have been shown to have beneficial effects on the quality of life and well-being of those affected. Scientific studies are also attempting to prove that these approaches can slow the decline of certain cognitive functions.

TRUE & FALSE. The exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease are still unknown. However, researchers have identified several factors, including lifestyle, that appear to play an important role in the onset of the disease. Therefore, a healthy diet, keeping the brain active, physical activity and maintaining a social life may be factors in preventing Alzheimer’s disease. However, while these avenues may be interesting and promising, they have not been scientifically validated in the long term.

FALSE. Whether you have the disease yourself or are a carer, you can receive specific support. Trained professionals can provide you with the necessary support, assistance and information.